A seawater treatment plant, also known as a desalination plant, is a facility that converts seawater into fresh water through desalination technology. Its main technologies include reverse osmosis (RO), multi-stage flash evaporation (MSF) and multi-effect distillation (MED). Reverse osmosis is currently the most common desalination technology. It uses high pressure to force seawater through a semi-permeable membrane, removing salt and other impurities, and ultimately obtaining pure fresh water.

The first step in a seawater treatment plant is the transport of seawater from the ocean to the treatment plant by an inlet pump. Seawater contains a large amount of salt and impurities, so it needs to go through a series of pretreatment steps before entering the desalination system. These pretreatment steps include filtration, desalination and disinfection to ensure that the raw water quality meets the requirements of the desalination system.