The permanent hardness of water mainly comes from the calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate in the water. The main methods for removal of permanent hardness of water include ion exchange and adding complexing agents. Ion exchange is the adsorption of calcium and magnesium ions in water through ion exchange resin. Adding a complexing agent is by adding a certain amount of complexing agent to the water.

The purpose of using effluent water: 1. Improve water resource utilization efficiency 2. Reduce pollution to natural water bodies 3. Reduce operating costs of effluent water treatment plants

1. Water body management and protection One of the remedies for water pollution is water treatment and protection. 2. Ecological restoration and reconstruction Ecological restoration and reconstruction is one of the important means to alleviate water pollution. 3. New technology application and research and development The application and research and development of new technologies are crucial to solving water pollution problems.

Water disinfection system refers to a system that uses chemical methods to attack and eliminate germs (such as bacteria, fungi) and viruses in water. It ensures the safety of drinking water by adding specific disinfectants to kill microorganisms in the water.

The main function of industrial water treatment plants is to purify industrial wastewater and ensure that its discharge meets environmental protection standards, thereby reducing environmental pollution. Different types of industrial activities produce a wide variety of wastewater, including chemicals, heavy metals, organic matter, etc. Direct discharge of these wastewater without treatment will pose serious threats to water bodies, soil and biodiversity.

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a common process for purifying or desalinating contaminated water by forcing it through a semipermeable membrane. This technology creates pure water by applying pressure to move water through a membrane, expelling impurities, salts, and other contaminants from the water. The pore size of the reverse osmosis membrane is extremely small, usually about 0.0001 micron, and can effectively filter out small impurities.

Desalination is generally not required. Borehole water is a water source extracted from deep underground through drilling technology. This water usually comes from underground aquifers, which can range in depth from tens to hundreds of meters. Because borehole water comes from deep underground, it is generally less susceptible to surface contamination and is considered a high-quality water source in many areas. Therefore, it can be drunk directly without desalination.

Reverse osmosis water purifiers can effectively remove microplastics. This is due to its advanced filtration process and the extremely small pore size of the semi-permeable membrane. The reverse osmosis system achieves efficient removal of microplastics mainly through three aspects: filtration accuracy, efficient filtration process, and removal of various pollutants.

The main task of a water treatment plant is to purify raw water so that it reaches safe drinking standards. Specifically, they purify water from rivers, lakes or groundwater through a series of physical, chemical and biological treatment processes.

The service life of a reverse osmosis water purification system is typically between 10 and 15 years. The life of the system depends on a variety of factors, including water quality, maintenance, and the quality of the system components. Frequent cleaning and replacement of filters and reverse osmosis membranes can help extend the life of your system.