Saudi Arabia: The leader in desalination technology Among the above-mentioned leading countries, Saudi Arabia is considered to be the most advanced country in desalination technology in the world because of its comprehensive leading position in desalination technology.

Reverse osmosis filter is one of the most efficient water purification technologies currently, capable of removing most pollutants. Water is separated under high pressure through a semipermeable membrane, most soluble substances and organic pollutants are intercepted.

Types of reverse osmosis membranes used in seawater desalination: 1. Spiral-wound reverse osmosis membrane, 2. Flat-plate reverse osmosis membrane, 3. Hollow fiber reverse osmosis membrane.

LPH is the abbreviation of "Liters Per Hour", which means "liters per hour". Therefore, 500 LPH means that the reverse osmosis equipment can process 500 liters of water per hour. This label is usually used to describe the water production capacity or water treatment volume of the equipment.

The best purifiers for filtering groundwater are: 1. Reverse osmosis (RO) purifier, 2. Activated carbon filter, 3. Ultraviolet (UV) purifier, 4. Ion exchange purifier, 5. Ceramic filter purifier.

● Boil water: Effectively kills most bacteria and viruses, but is ineffective against some high-temperature-resistant microorganisms. ● Water filters: RO and UV sterilizers are very efficient at sterilization and virus removal, while ultrafiltration and activated carbon filters are relatively weak.

Manufacturing cost of reverse osmosis membranes includes material costs, equipment and energy costs, labor costs, and maintenance and management costs. Taking the manufacturing of one square meter of reverse osmosis membrane as an example, the total cost is approximately between US$20 and US$50.

Due to its high purity and excellent water quality characteristics, reverse osmosis water is suitable as a water source for ice makers. Ice cubes made with reverse osmosis water are transparent and pure, which can improve the taste and quality of drinks and reduce the maintenance cost of equipment.

A reverse osmosis system with a processing capacity of 5,000 liters/hour has a monthly electricity bill of approximately US$150, a water bill of approximately US$2,500, and a total operating cost of US$2,650.

● Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis: The pore size is smaller, usually below 0.001 microns, and can completely remove most microorganisms and viruses including E. coli. It is one of the most effective water treatment technologies at present.