Reverse osmosis (RO) technology is one of the most commonly used desalination methods. For agriculture, the advantage of reverse osmosis desalinators is that they can effectively remove salts and other dissolved substances in water and provide high-quality irrigation water.

If the water contains high levels of dissolved solids or heavy metals, a reverse osmosis filter may be the best choice; if the main concern is bacteria and viruses in the water, ultrafiltration or UV sterilizers are more suitable.

The best purifiers for filtering groundwater are: 1. Reverse osmosis (RO) purifier, 2. Activated carbon filter, 3. Ultraviolet (UV) purifier, 4. Ion exchange purifier, 5. Ceramic filter purifier.

● Boil water: Effectively kills most bacteria and viruses, but is ineffective against some high-temperature-resistant microorganisms. ● Water filters: RO and UV sterilizers are very efficient at sterilization and virus removal, while ultrafiltration and activated carbon filters are relatively weak.

A reverse osmosis system with a processing capacity of 5,000 liters/hour has a monthly electricity bill of approximately US$150, a water bill of approximately US$2,500, and a total operating cost of US$2,650.

Small household desalination plants are suitable for households on remote islands or coastal areas, and the water production capacity is usually 100 to 500 liters per hour. Such plants are relatively affordable, generally between US$2,000 and US$10,000.

If the local water quality is good and the pollutants are mainly suspended solids and microorganisms, you can choose a water filtration device. However, if the water contains high soluble pollutants (heavy metals, pesticide residues), it is recommended to choose a water purification device.

The reverse osmosis filter passes water molecules through the membrane pores under high pressure through a semipermeable membrane, while pollutants such as dissolved salts, heavy metals, bacteria and viruses are retained on the other side of the membrane to achieve the purpose of water purification.

According to the characteristics of different pollutants in well water, taking into account the filtering effect, cost and maintenance convenience, these methods are considered to be the best methods for well water filtration. 1. Multi-stage filtration system 2. Biosand filter 3. Ion exchange filter

Equipment required for water treatment 1. Pretreatment equipment 1.1 Grids and screens... 2. Primary treatment equipment 2.1 Coagulation equipment... 3. Secondary treatment equipment 3.1 Biological treatment equipment... 4. Tertiary treatment equipment 4.1 Advanced oxidation equipment...